Freedom of navigation through global choke points is a commons that no single navy should be asked to guarantee.
“Shipping insurers reprice two major straits after sustained disruption” — The Economist, 2026-09-02
A commons guaranteed by one actor is reliable but not legitimate; a commons guaranteed collectively is legitimate but chronically under-provided.
- Who bears the loss when a commons is under-provided, and does that answer change who should provide it?
- Is discretion the unavoidable price of provision, or a separable defect?